Recommendation

Does a "contagion effect" explain high valuation of celebrity items?

ORCID_LOGO based on reviews by Miguel Vadillo, Saleh Shuqair, Lachlan Deer and Susanne Adler
A recommendation of:

Revisiting celebrity contagion and the value of objects: Replication and extensions Registered Report of Newman et al. (2011)

Abstract

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Submission: posted 23 May 2024
Recommendation: posted 20 May 2025, validated 21 May 2025
Cite this recommendation as:
Chambers, C. (2025) Does a "contagion effect" explain high valuation of celebrity items?. Peer Community in Registered Reports, . https://rr.peercommunityin.org/articles/rec?id=791

Recommendation

In 2024, a shirt worn by renowned baseball player Babe Ruth during the 1932 World Series sold for a record-breaking $24.1m, making it one of the most expensive collector’s items ever sold at auction. Ruth’s famous “called shot” jersey is just one of countless items previously owned by celebrities that routinely fetch eye-watering prices despite having no obvious use. Understanding what gives these objects their subjective value presents an intriguing challenge in economic and social psychology.
 
An influential study by Newman et al. (2011) proposed three explanations for such behaviour – first, that the object acts as a memento to remind the consumer of the celebrity; second, that the object is perceived to have a high market demand and is believed to attract a higher price on resale; and third that the object triggers a contagion effect – a phenomenon, observed in a variety of psychological contexts, in which the consumer believes that some intangible essence of the object’s previous owner might be transmitted to them through physical contact. Across a series of experiments, Newman et al. (2011) concluded that the evidence favours an explanation in terms of contagion.
 
Here, Chan et al. (2025) propose a large online study (N=1200; several times larger than the original study) to partially replicate Experiments 1 and 2 in Newman et al. (2011). The authors aim to establish the reliability of this supposed contagion effect and to test its potential dependence on proximity – that is, whether the desire to have physical contact with the person is necessary for the contagion effect to occur. Specifically, for their main questions they ask whether fame (celebrity, non-celebrity) and moral valence of the previous owner (positive, negative, mixed) influence item valuation, desire for physical contact, market demand, and willingness to purchase. To further test any dependence on proximity, the authors will ask whether fame and valence impact desire for non-physical contact.
 
The Stage 1 manuscript was evaluated over two rounds of in-depth review. Based on detailed responses to the reviewers' comments, the recommender judged that the manuscript met the Stage 1 criteria and therefore awarded in-principle acceptance (IPA).
 
URL to the preregistered Stage 1 protocol: https://osf.io/gnrhf
 
Level of bias control achieved: Level 6. No part of the data or evidence that will be used to answer the research question yet exists and no part will be generated until after IPA. 
 
List of eligible PCI RR-friendly journals:
 
 
References
 
1. Newman, G. E., Diesendruck, G., & Bloom, P. (2011). Celebrity contagion and the value of objects. Journal of Consumer Research, 38, 215–228. https://doi.org/10.1086/658999
 
2. Chan, M.,  Jin, Y., Chen, E. Y., Peng, S., Charlton, A. & Feldman, G. (2025). Revisiting celebrity contagion and the value of objects: Replication and extensions Registered Report of Newman et al. (2011). In principle acceptance of Version 3 by Peer Community in Registered Reports. https://osf.io/gnrhf
Conflict of interest:
The recommender in charge of the evaluation of the article and the reviewers declared that they have no conflict of interest (as defined in the code of conduct of PCI) with the authors or with the content of the article.

Evaluation round #2

DOI or URL of the report: https://osf.io/de6w3

Version of the report: 2

Author's Reply, 15 May 2025

Download author's reply Download tracked changes file

Revised manuscript: https://osf.io/y53sk

All revised materials uploaded to: https://osf.io/3kmr9/ (under "Files" tab), updated manuscript under sub-directory "PCIRR Stage 1\PCI-RR submission following RNR 2"

https://doi.org/10.24072/pci.rr.100791.ar2

Decision by ORCID_LOGO, posted 09 May 2025, validated 09 May 2025

I have now received two re-reviews of your submission. As you will see, the evaluations are positive and we are now approaching a final Stage 1 recommendation. In this round, the reviewers offer some valuable suggestions for further clarifying and refining a number of conceptual and methodological aspects of the study. Provided you are able to respond comprehensively to these points in a revision and response, I anticipate being able to award Stage 1 in-principle acceptance without further review.

https://doi.org/10.24072/pci.rr.100791.d2

Reviewed by ORCID_LOGO, 23 Mar 2025

Dear authors,
 
thanks a lot for the thorough revision of your Stage-1 manuscript. I feel that the front end is much clearer now and I see the value in removing the temporal distance extension.
I have a few minor points left:
 
  • In Footnote 1 (““Social” priming replications have so far had a very poor replication record”), please add one or more references (e.g., Mac Giolla et al., 2024).
  • For Table 1, please add a note that clarifies the meaning of N/A.
  • On p. 19 of the revised manuscript (section “Power and sensitivity analyses), I find the second paragraph (starting with “The target article’s studies had many hypotheses…”) a bit confusing. Specifically, the part: “[they] argued that the main effect for valence is related to a main effect for valence in the desire physical contact (our H2b) and that the main effect of valence is related to the main effect of fame (H3a).” The descriptions sound more like an interaction effect than a main effect. Rewording this section could improve clarity (please discard the comment, if it is just my reading of the section).
 
Otherwise, I want to congratulate you on your work and wish you all the best!
Susanne Adler
 
Reference:
Mac Giolla, E., Karlsson, S., Neequaye, D. A., & Bergquist, M. (2024). Evaluating the Replicability of Social Priming Studies. Meta-Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.15626/MP.2022.3308
https://doi.org/10.24072/pci.rr.100791.rev22

Evaluation round #1

DOI or URL of the report: https://osf.io/g2b5z

Version of the report: 1

Author's Reply, 14 Mar 2025

Download author's reply Download tracked changes file

Revised manuscript: https://osf.io/de6w3

All revised materials uploaded to: https://osf.io/3kmr9/ (under "Files" tab), updated manuscript under sub-directory "PCIRR Stage 1\PCI-RR submission following RNR"

https://doi.org/10.24072/pci.rr.100791.ar1

Decision by ORCID_LOGO, posted 02 Aug 2024, validated 02 Aug 2024

I have now received four timely and constructive evaluations of your Stage 1 submission. The reviews approach your manuscript from a number of different angles and also include a non-specialist review (MV) which I find can often be helpful for identifying areas where the structure and clarity of the presentation can be improved.

​​​In reading the reviews you will notice some headline issues to address, including clarification of hypotheses, specific areas of terminology, rationale for the proposed extensions, conditions for excluding data, and analysis plans. Reviewers SS and MV also raise questions about the justification and value of the replication, which I want to address directly. SS in particular notes: "While replication is important for ensuring the accuracy and generalizability of findings,  but I feel that not all studies are equally worthy of this effort. The relative lack of continued research in this specific area of celebrity contagion suggests that its theoretical and practical significance may not justify the resources required for replication.”

This is perfectly valid opinion that reviewers are welcome to comment on, but I want to note that that judgments about the importance (or novelty) of the research question, over and above the scientific validity for the question, fall outside the scope of the Stage 1 evaluation criteria at PCI RR. MV raises the same point in a slighty different way, noting: "I think the justification of the RR can be improved. Pages 10-11 merely say that the contagion effect is important in the literature. But this doesn’t feel like a good reason to repeat the study."

Again, PCI RR does not consider judgements of replication value when evaluating RRs so there is no requirement to address this issue. That said, I think the fact that two reviewers bring up this issue provides an opportunity for you to maximise the eventual impact of your work by highlighting the rationale for the replication and why it matters. MV makes a number of related points where the clarity of communication - while sufficient for a specialist audience - could be enhanced to improve general readability.

I hope you find these reviews helpful and look forward to receiving your revised manscript in due course.

As you will be aware, we are now in the July-August shutdown period. During this time, authors are generally unable to submit new or revised submissions. However, given the relatively straightforward revisions required in your case, as well as the time-critical nature of Stage 1 review, I am going to give you the opportunity to resubmit despite the shutdown. If you resubmit prior to 2 September, you won't be able to do this the usual way. Instead, please email us (at contact@rr.peercommunityin.org) with the following:

  • A response to the reviewers (attached to the email as a PDF)
  • The URL to a completely clean version of the revised manuscript on the OSF
  • The URL to a tracked-changes version of the revised manuscript on the OSF

In the subject line of the email please state the submission number (#) and title. We will then submit the revision on your behalf.

https://doi.org/10.24072/pci.rr.100791.d1

Reviewed by ORCID_LOGO, 29 Jul 2024

Thank you for inviting me to review this report, titled "Revisiting celebrity contagion and the value of objects: Replication and extensions Registered Report of Newman et al. (2011)." While the authors have done a commendable job in detailing the research design, the intended experiment, the measures, and the target sample, I have concerns regarding the importance and necessity of this replication effort.

Firstly, the concept of celebrity social contagion is not an extensively established concept within the literature, which raises questions about the significance of replicating this particular study. Although Newman et al. (2011) has been cited 388 times and is considered impactful, there are relatively few subsequent papers that have continued in this specific stream of literature.

For instance, to best of my knowledge, while there are some papers on social contagion in the context of celebrities, such as:

Newman, G. E., & Dhar, R. (2014). Authenticity is contagious: Brand essence and the original source of production. Journal of Marketing Research, 51(3), 371–386.
Huang, J. Y., Ackerman, J. M., & Newman, G. E. (2017). Catching (up with) magical contagion: A review of contagion effects in consumer contexts. Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, 2(4), 430-443.
Other papers have addressed related but distinct concepts, such as contamination, which differs from celebrity contagion

White, K., Lin, L., Dahl, D. W., & Ritchie, R. J. (2016). When do consumers avoid imperfections? Superficial packaging damage as a contamination cue. Journal of Marketing Research, 53(1), 110-123.
Hazée, S., Van Vaerenbergh, Y., Delcourt, C., & Warlop, L. (2019). Sharing goods? Yuck, no! An investigation of consumers’ contamination concerns about access-based services. Journal of Service Research, 22(3), 256-271.
Smith, R. K., Newman, G. E., & Dhar, R. (2016). Closer to the creator: Temporal contagion explains the preference for earlier serial numbers. Journal of Consumer Research, 42(5), 653-668.

Argo, J. J., Dahl, D. W., & Morales, A. C. (2008). Positive consumer contagion: Responses to attractive others in a retail context. Journal of marketing research, 45(6), 690-701.


Having said that, I believe this is not an established theory that warrants replication. While replication is important for ensuring the accuracy and generalizability of findings,  but I feel that not all studies are equally worthy of this effort.

The relative lack of continued research in this specific area of celebrity contagion suggests that its theoretical and practical significance may not justify the resources required for replication.

Therefore, I recommend not proceeding with this replication study.

Best of luck

https://doi.org/10.24072/pci.rr.100791.rev11

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